It is significant for at least two reasons: (a) the expenditure/revenue commitments themselves, and (b) recognition of the extent of the problem.

The original legislation put forward by Gender Minister Manty Tarawalli was not accepted because it required parties to reserve some of the existing constituency seats.

To establish individual political and economic risk ratings, there is a requirement to assess the preparedness of households, businesses and government to manage cost of living pressures.

Russian sanctions and the additional diplomatic expense accompanying its economic relationships will likely impact access to arms and ammunition in Africa.

The National Assembly passed 49 out of 68 constitutional reform bills on 1 March. Those that secure two-thirds support from state legislatures will be transmitted to President Muhammadu Buhari for assent.

This is a critical question given West African sovereign’s current difficulties raising capital in international capital markets today.

Geopolitical competition is increasingly evident and increasingly complex globally. Economic sanctions are a feature of this new landscape, and bear consequences for Africa-investment stakeholders.

A clear majority of African UNHCR members voted for the resolution. Still, considerable diversity of opinion was again in evidence.

The UN General Assembly passed a resolution condemning Russian aggression against Ukraine. Out of the 193 members, there were 35 abstentions and the African region accounted for around half.

Businesses and political decision makers are under pressure to protect local consumers, especially where the hikes have been steepest.

Fifteen of the 54 AfCFTA states have either launched or announced regulatory sandbox models allowing fintech entrepreneurs to test products while decision makers learn.

Forty-two of 54 signatories have ratified the agreement and ministers hope to complete phase of AfCFTA negotiations by September this year.

Commodity price movements, evolving interests and stakeholder engagement are shaping outcomes in the mining sector.

In light of the current public financial management situation, the government has announced significant reductions in the fertiliser subsidy.

The opposition coalition has fallen apart. Still, the ability to secure and/or maintain alliances with four individuals listed below will shape 2023 electoral viability.

Voter turnout was just 36% in 2019. It is a limiting feature in the political risk score. Reforms addressing three key issues could enhance electoral integrity, democratic credibility and the risk rating.

Whoever emerge as the leading presidential election candidates, the eventual result will likely be determined by the voting tally in 12 states distributed across the six geopolitical zones.

The Ministry of Finance is arguing publicly and vociferously against the Moody’s decision. That view has been echoed by the African Union’s APRM.